Temperature × recipe

Pain au Levain at 3640°F

Adjusted timing: 13.0h bulk + 34.8h proof (multiplier 2.90×).

Baseline bulk (76°F)
4.5h
Adjusted bulk
13.0h
Baseline proof
12h
Adjusted proof
34.8h
Multiplier
2.90×
Activity
dormant
Target hydration
72%
Bake temp
480°F

Why the timing shifts

Refrigerator territory — used for overnight retard during proofing or bulk slowdown. 12-16 hours at this temperature is equivalent to 1-1.5 hours at 76°F baseline. Essential for flavor development in artisan sourdough. Cold retard improves shape retention, enables flexible scheduling, and develops deeper tangy flavors. Place dough in floured banneton, cover, refrigerate at this temperature.

Technique for Pain au Levain

Autolyse 60 min. Add levain (100% hydration, 15-20% of flour weight) and salt. 3 sets of stretch-and-folds. Total bulk 4.5h at 76°F. Shape tight boule, cold retard 12h. Bake in 480°F dutch oven: 22 min lid on, 22 min lid off.

Calculator pre-set to these values

Multiplier at 38°F
2.9×
Adjusted bulk ferment
13.1 h
Adjusted final proof
34.8 h
How the math works

Multipliers are piecewise-linear interpolations between reference points measured by Myhrvold et al. in Modernist Bread vol 3. 76°F is the baseline (1.0×); every 10°F drop roughly doubles fermentation time, and every 10°F rise roughly halves it.

Sources: Myhrvold, Modernist Bread vol 3 (temperature multipliers); Hamelman — Bread 3rd ed., Pain au Levain formula.